<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-05-17T21:37:52Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" metadataPrefix="oai_dc" identifier="oai:www.bilketa.eus:ark:/27020/hal-04195870">https://www.bilketa.eus/in/rest/oai</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:www.bilketa.eus:ark:/27020/hal-04195870</identifier><setSpec>ALL</setSpec><datestamp>2025-06-05T09:20:39Z</datestamp></header><metadata> <oai_dc:dc xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"><dc:identifier>https://www.bilketa.eus/ark:/27020/hal-04195870</dc:identifier><dc:contributor>Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Solidarités, Sociétés, Territoires (LISST) - Toulouse</dc:contributor><dc:creator>Guibet Lafaye, Caroline (1972-....)</dc:creator><dc:source>HAL, hal-04195870</dc:source><dc:date>2023</dc:date><dc:description>La violence politique clandestine, se déploie dans une dynamique d'interactions entre acteurs, parties prenantes de situations concrètes de conflit. Dans le cas du Pays basque, la naissance du groupe armé Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA) a donné lieu à un cycle de violence qui a duré soixante ans. Les actions du groupe ont suscité une répression multiforme allant jusqu'à s'appuyer sur le terrorisme d'État. Nous avons exploité deux bases de données originales (actions d'ETA, arrestations. La répression illégale de l'État espagnol, a eu un effet de radicalisation du mouvement, alors qu'à une époque ultérieure la répression légale et judiciaire, a eu un rôle délétère sur l'opérationnalité du groupe.</dc:description><dc:description>International audience</dc:description><dc:description>Political violence, including clandestine violence, unfolds as a process in a dynamic of exchanges between actors involved in concrete conflict situations. In the case of the Basque Country, the birth of the armed group Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA) gave rise to a cycle of violence that lasted sixty years. The group’s actions have provoked a multi-faceted repression that has even included state terrorism. In order to understand the effect of repression on clandestine violence, we have used two original databases (ETA actions, arrests). It appears that, in the specific case of the Basque Country, repression, particularly illegal repression by the Spanish state, had a radicalising effect on the movement, whereas at a latter time legal and judicial repression, inscribed in another socio-historical context, had a deleterious role on the group’s operationality.</dc:description><dc:identifier>https://hal.science/hal-04195870</dc:identifier><dc:identifier>https://hal.science/hal-04195870v1/file/02_Caroline%20Guibet%20Lafaye_AIS%2021_II%20bozza.pdf</dc:identifier><dc:format>Article de journal | Aldizkari bateko artikulua</dc:format><dc:relation>vignette : https://www.bilketa.eus/in/rest/Thumb/image?id=ark:/27020/hal-04195870&amp;mat=articleNum</dc:relation><dc:language>fre</dc:language><dc:rights>Archive ouverte HAL | HAL artxibo irekia</dc:rights><dc:subject>antiterrorisme</dc:subject><dc:subject>Pays basque</dc:subject><dc:subject>Euskadi ta askatasuna (ETA)</dc:subject><dc:subject>Euskadi ta askatasuna (ETA)</dc:subject><dc:subject>terrorisme d'État</dc:subject><dc:subject>analyse statistique</dc:subject><dc:subject>Humanitateak eta zientzia sozialak</dc:subject><dc:subject>Humanités et sciences sociales</dc:subject><dc:title>Succès et limites de l'antiterrorisme espagnol : le cas d'ETA</dc:title><dc:title>Successes and limitations of Spanish anti-terrorism: the case of ETA</dc:title></oai_dc:dc></metadata></record></GetRecord></OAI-PMH>